Pronouns and Determiners

Indefinite pronouns: alguém, ninguém, tudo and nada

B1ImportantBrazilian Portuguese

In brief

Use alguém and ninguém to talk about an unspecified person or no person. Use tudo and nada for everything or nothing in a given situation. These words stand in for people or things rather than naming them.

Form

alguém = someone; ninguém = nobody; tudo = everything; nada = nothing / anything in a negative sentence.

Usage

  • Use alguém when you do not know or need to name the person.
  • Use ninguém when no person is included; tudo and nada refer to things or a whole situation.
  • These pronouns stand alone: use todas as pessoas, not tudo pessoas, for ‘all the people’.

Examples

  • Alguém deixou uma mensagem para você. — Someone left you a message.
  • Ninguém sabe a resposta. — Nobody knows the answer.
  • Já organizei tudo para a viagem. — I’ve already organized everything for the trip.
  • Não encontrei nada na gaveta. — I didn’t find anything in the drawer.

Common mistake

❌ Tudo pessoas chegaram.

✅ Todas as pessoas chegaram.

Tudo means ‘everything’ and stands alone; to say ‘all the people,’ use todas as pessoas.

Remember

Alguém and ninguém refer to people; tudo and nada refer to things.